Purification method of alcohol and other liquids, containing alcohol, from impurities.
The main kinds of raw material of an alcohol industry traditionally are
the hydrolyzates of vegetative raw material or products of microbiological processing of food raw material.
Now, taking into account economic difficulties of the state and the development trend of a world alcohol
industry, is watched the clear tendency of food raw material volumes reduction and raw
more detail material phytogenous
routed on ethyl alcohol (ethanol) processing. In this connection the further increase of alcohol
production is possible to expect only in case of powers firms escalating, using not food raw material. In particular,
the large practical concern is caused with the technology of technical alcohol obtaining developed by distillation
alcohol mash, obtained as a result of biochemical processing of hydrolytic sub stratums and alkalis of
cellulose production sulfite pulping process, and also technology of synthetic alcohol obtaining from products
of oil processing.
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However, the obtained thus end product contains a plenty different under the
chemical nature of impurity, in particular, unsaturated (for example crotonaldehyde) and sulfurous compounds
rendering negative effect on its organoleptic properties. By numerous researches in a structure of impurity
up to 50 different matters, in the main higher alcohols, aldehydes, esters and organic acids are revealed.
To delete similar impurity by conventional purification methods of alcohol used in an industry it is not
obviously possible.
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The offered method of chemical cleaning of alcohol-containing liquids (Fig.2) in
combination to process of multistage distillation provides a high scale (more than 90 % by mass.) extract of
sulfur-contains and unsaturated compounds impurity, aggravating organoleptic properties of alcohol, alongside
with high technological and ecological indexes at its implementation. Under last there is in view of cheapness
and availability of chemical reactants, minimum changes in the existing technology, ecological cleanness, a
high scale of clearing and output increase of an end product - ethanol.
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Fig.2 The simplified technological scheme of alcohol-containing mixtures clearing
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| The brief description of alcohol-containing mixtures clearing scheme
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Alcohol containing condensate (flow ) after mash column (pos.1) or diluted raw
alcohol (flow ) goes on a feed plate of a fractionating column (pos.2). The vapors of an aqueous-alcoholic
mixture with impurity of ethers, aldehydes, sulfur-contains and unsaturated compounds, mounting on a column
and being enriched by highly volatile components, are condensated in a dephlegmator (pos.3). The part of a
condensate (distillate) from a dephlegmator (flow ) is allocated by the way of ether-aldehydes fraction
(EAF) and is routed on salvaging, and the remaining part by the way of reflux moves on a spraying of a column.
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From head tanks (pos.4-6) in fractionating column the chemical reactants (flows , , ),
ensuring clearing of alcohol from accompanying impurity move. The reactants move in the specially selected ratio
in definite points of a column, their volume-flows are controlled under the indications of flowmeters
(pos. 7-9).
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Intermediate product from a bottom part of fractionating column moves on
strengthening and additional clearing in a rectification column (on the scheme is not figured). For creation of
an additional reactionary volume on a line of intermediate product sampling one or several buffer capacities
(pos. 10) definite volumes ensuring entirety of chemical reactions weep are stipulated.
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The consumption of chemical reactants (on solid matter) makes from 0,3 up to 15 grams
per 1-deciliter commodity outputs.
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